The Evolution Of Management Theory - 1026 Words

Introduction The evolution of management has been changed many times since the early 1900’s. Many different management theories have been developed, the external factor also changing at the same time, such as the technology and the nature of career. The main theories include classical theory, neoclassical theory, modern systems theory, contingency (or decision) theory, and chaos theory. In the earliest management theories, efficiency was thought to be the most important. However, in today’s workplace; contingency and chaos are the most prominent of management theories (Chon, 2016). Organizational theory is considered very important in this age of globalization simply because it can maximize efficiency and productivity if applied correctly.†¦show more content†¦Classical organization theory evolved after the first half of the 20th century. This theory represents the merger of scientific management, bureaucratic theory, and administrative theory. Scientific management synthesizes workflows by focusing on getting the best resources for production tasks. Bureaucratic theory is an authority structure that is a system of organization and administration to ensure workplace efficiency. Administrative theory worked to establish a set of management principles that applied to all organizations (Chon, 2016). An advantage of the classical theory is that it is a hierarchical structure. The top level of management is board of directors and chief executives who are responsible for the organization’s long term goals. Middle management is responsible for goals o f their specific department and the budget. Lower level supervisors oversee day-to-day operations. Bart is considered a low level supervisor; he implements processes so workers are trained to efficiently perform their jobs. The school of thought and theorist that best depicts Bart’s management style is Frederick Taylor. Scientific Management, also called Taylorism, is a theory of management that analyzes work flows. Its main objective is improving workplace productivity. Bart’s management style improved productivity (toy assembly and shipping process).Show MoreRelatedEvolution Of Management Theory And Management Theories2135 Words   |  9 PagesEvolution of Management Theory Jamal Roberts Pasco Hernando State College Evolution of Management Theory In reality, every person in a management position handles the way that they do their job differently. Management is one of the most important parts of an organization, if not the most important. However, the development of management in organizations has changed dramatically from the late eighteenth century to now. In the eighteenth century, managers relied on power and setting strictRead MoreThe Evolution Of Management Theory1153 Words   |  5 PagesDetailed Summary Management theory constantly evolves when there are new ideas or when there is and intention of attempts of transforming the theory. Hence this theory can also be called as the â€Å"condensed theory† To know the history of the management theory is the fundamental task (Sarshar, 2002). The evolution of management began after the industrial revolution had occurred in Europe and America, which was in the end of the 19th century. During the evolution of the management theory, there were manyRead MoreEvolution of Management Theory3422 Words   |  14 PagesABSTRACT In this paper, we examine how management theory concerning appropriate management practices has evolved in modern times, and look at the central concerns that have guided its development. First, we examine the so-called classical management theories that emerged around the turn of the twentieth century. These include scientific management, which focuses on matching people and tasks to maximize efficiency; and administrative management, which focuses on identifying the principles that willRead MoreThe Evolution Of Management Theory2071 Words   |  9 PagesThe Evolution of Management. Management theory has evolved over the years going from business ran somewhat like a family to a heavily structured bureaucracy. the individuals discussed below FINSIH HERE According to Wren Bedeian (2009), the theory of management contributed to heavily by two individuals. Henri Fayol, a French engineer manager, and Max Weber a German sociologist economist. Both men are praised for their ideas which have influenced many generations of managers, scholars and continueRead MoreThe Evolution of Management Theory3465 Words   |  14 PagesINTRODUCTION - THE EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THEORY During the industrial revolution that took place in Western Europe and North America in the 18th century; various machines were built and the economy which was based on manual labor was replaced by machines. Then factories of large scale in the garment sector, automobile sector etc emerged rapidly and the need to increase organizational efficiency and effectiveness has guided the evolution of management theory till today. Managers, theorists, researcherRead MoreEvolution of Management Theory3679 Words   |  15 Pagescontinuously relied on group effort, and as many organized groups have become large, the task of managers has been increasing in importance and complexity. Henceforth, managerial theory has become crucial in the way managers manage complex organizations. It has to be unequivocally emphasized that managers who mix management theories in their day-to-day practice, have better chances of managing their organizations more efficiently and effectively to achieve both individu al and organizational objectives.Read MoreEvolution of Management Theory3435 Words   |  14 PagesManagement Science I Prof. M.Thenmozhi Indian Institute of Technology Madras EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THEORY Dr.M. Thenmozhi Professor Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036 E-mail: mtm@iitm.ac.in Management Science I Prof. M.Thenmozhi Indian Institute of Technology Madras †¢ Early management theory consisted of numerous attempts at getting to know these newcomers to industrial life at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth centuryRead MoreThe Evolution of Management Practices and Theories Essay2306 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction With the rapid change of the world, thought of management, theory and practise keeps on changing. It has been transformed through innovation. Taking into consideration the uncertainty surrounding the construction industry, it is essential paying attention to how people work within an organisation that has set goals that needs to be achieved. To be able to achieve these objectives, it is necessary to understand management relating issues such as culture, motivation, leadership and issuesRead MoreEvolution Of Management : Theory X And Y, And Theory Z1811 Words   |  8 Pages Evolution of Management Blake Schwengler Tarleton State University â€Æ' Abstract We will examine the evolution of management beginning with the timeframe of the industrial revolution thru today’s management. Management theories included in this time contains the Human Relations/ Behavioral School of Management, Classical School of Management, Contingency Approach, the Scientific Approach, Theory X and Y, and Theory Z. The present style and classical style of management will be compared and contrastedRead MoreEvolution And Development Of Contemporary Management Theory2687 Words   |  11 PagesManagement revolutionized by the â€Å"man who invented management†, a writer, consultant, and professor. Known as the â€Å"godfather of management theory and practise† Peter F (Bloomberg L.P 2014), Drucker influenced many people with his management theory and business concepts. Professor Peter Drucker (1909 – 2005) was a leading academic researcher, author, and expert who had a prominent and significant influence on the evolution and developme nt of contemporary management theory throughout the second half

We Should Allow Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife...

Over the last thirty years the United States has been faced with the problem of dependence on foreign countries for oil and the tight control that these exercise on the energy policies and economics of America. Many of these instances include: the oil embargos of the 1970s, the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990, and the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in 2001. Since the 1970s, one solution offered to reduce our nations dependence on foreign countries for oil has been opening up drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). Proponents say that drilling in ANWR would make the United States more self-sufficient in the area of energy, while at the same time not doing excessive damage to the environment of the area.†¦show more content†¦Another interesting fact about ANWR is that, ?ANWR is home to one of the world?s largest caribou herds as well as 200 other wildlife and plant species.? (Cunningham, William P. Cunningham, Mary Ann and Saigo, Barbara, pg. 413) My argument in favor of opening up oil drilling in ANWR is based on two things: the questionable conclusions that the Lovins article draws from past energy policies and the latest factual and no-so factual data they had available to them at the time. I believe that given the world we live in today, the principles that the Lovins and other use to argue against oil drilling in ANWR can be applied to argue why oil drilling should be open in the tract of land in Alaska. By drilling for oil in Alaska the U.S. will become more self-efficient on fuel, and the opportunity for employment will cause the current unemployment rate to decrease. The drilling creates opportunities not only for oil companies, but also boating and airplane carriers. In the article, the Lovins? write, ?In sum, even if drilling in the Artic Wildlife Refuge posed no environmental or human rights concerns, it still could not be justified on economic or security grounds.? (Armory B. Lovins and L. Hunter Lovins, page 130) This may have been true when they wrote the article but the economics of the United States and the world have changed. They argue that the amount of oil in ANWR and the projected price per barrelShow MoreRelated Should the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge be opened to Oil Drilling?1544 Words   |  7 PagesDrilling oil in Alaskas Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is a serious issue for environmentalists and for the future of the United States. Should the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge be opened to oil drilling? This paper will debate whether or not we should allow Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to be opened to oil drilling. This will also show the impact it has on the environment, and I will show a critical analysis of th e current issue of whether or not to drill. History Arctic NationalRead MoreEssay about Environmental Views of Anwr2711 Words   |  11 PagesThe Arctic National Wildlife Reserve (ANWR) is a beautiful 19.6 million acre coastal plain, and is located in the Northeastern part of Alaska. ANWR is home to numerous species of wildlife and one of the largest untapped oil preserves in the United States. There is an immense debate between the opposing environmentalists and the politicians who want to drill for oil on a section of ANWR, which is only 1.8% of the refuge. Environmentalists who oppose drilling for oil in Alaska say the wildlife andRead More Environmental Views of Arctic National Wildlife Reserve (ANWR)2507 Words   |  11 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Arctic National Wildlife Reserve (ANWR) is a beautiful 19.6 million acre coastal plain, and is located in the Northeastern part of Alaska. ANWR is home to numerous species of wildlife and one of the largest untapped oil preserves in the United States. There is an immense debat e between the opposing environmentalists and the politicians who want to drill for oil on a section of ANWR, which is only 1.8% of the refuge. Environmentalists who oppose drilling for oil in Alaska say the wildlife andRead MoreThe Arctic National Wildlife Refuge2134 Words   |  9 PagesThe Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) has been the center of a strident controversy and national debate that has raged for over 40 years. The question raising so much contention is whether the federal government should allow drilling for oil and natural gas with the levels of contention paralleling the rise and fall of gas prices. The National Democratic and Republican Parties have taken opposing positions in their national political platforms, with the debate emerging and re-emerging in CongressRead MoreThe Debate Over the Idea of Drilling for Oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe Debate Over the Idea of Drilling for Oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refug e Throughout American history, there have been a number of conflicts and disagreements among the populace over various issues. These conflicts of interest help to define political parties and allow people to distinguish themselves through party allegiance. One such item that is currently being debated is over the idea of drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. For years, environmentalistRead MoreThe Threat Of Global Warming1779 Words   |  8 PagesWe are paying the consequences from past generation’s inability to make the right but hard choices, in order to protect and preserve our environment. The NRDC website lists the top global warming symptoms as melting glaciers, rising sea levels, severe weather patterns, the human health, and wildlife. (Consequences of Global Warming). Drilling in ANWR would cause horrifying situations for the wildlife ecosystem and inescapable affects on life in America and around the world, as we know it. In theRead MoreEssay about Anwr - We Should Drill3741 Words   |  15 PagesANWR: Drilling Mandatory or Unnecessary Shannon Bowerman Hour 7 Laughlin -- February 12, 2008 English Research Paper Shannon Bowerman Hour 7 February 12, 2008 English Research Paper – Introduction Since 1987, the issue of whether or not drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) should be allowed has been one of the concerns of political figures, as well as many Americans. This issue has been fought before the Senate at leastRead More America Does NOT Need to Drill in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge5388 Words   |  22 PagesAmerica Does NOT Need to Drill in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Thesis: If the United States is going to choose to conserve energy responsibly, then our governments energies should not be focused on developing oil in the ANWR, but rather on the topics of conservation through higher fuel efficiency standards in vehicles and by developing alternative energy sources. Conservation, fuel efficiency and alternative energy sources are the solutions that will lead usRead MoreThe Importance Of Drilling For Oil In The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge723 Words   |  3 Pagesto raising revenue by drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in the northeast corner of Alaska. Though pushed for years by Alaskas congressional delegation, tapping that land, set aside for caribou herds and other wildlife, is still not a sure thing. The Senate, House and President Trump each need to agree to a budget proposal that sets up the prospect of a tax code rewrite. Passing a revamp of the tax code is still a big if. But to the west of the refuge along the states NorthRead MoreOil Drilling2003 Words   |  9 PagesOil Drilling Jasmine A. Richardson Freshman Seminar Friday 10:20-11:20 Throughout the years the government has spent millions of dollars on oil drilling. But what is the actual purpose of oil drilling? Is it necessary? Are we spending too much money on this one project or is it useful in the end? These questions have been debated so much over and over again. But the question is am I for or against oil drilling? Oil drilling takes up too much time and money for one simple purpose. It takes

Business Ethics Poor Medical Practice

Questions: 1.Clearly define the ethical question/problem and provide a brief explanation as to why it is important.2.Identify facts and key assumptions which are relevant to your analysis of the ethical problem.3. Analyse the ethical problem using act utilitarianism, identifying all relevant consequences. Compare negative versus positive consequences and assess whether net utility will rise or fall as a result of the ethical act being examined. 4.Apply Kants categorical imperative by defining the rule that authorises the act central to the ethical problem you have chosen. Discuss whether this rule can be applied universally.5.Provide a conclusion comparing results in parts c d above identifying whether your ethical conclusion equates with your conscience with regards this problem. Answers: 1. Recently, a Perth doctor has been banned from practicing medicine because of professional misconduct which includes act of sexual harassment towards a patient. As per the judgement issued by State Administrative Tribunal, the conduct of Gregory Duck was considered as serious breach code stated by medical institutions for doctors. Serious breach of code includes incompetence and poor medical practice and sexual harassment (ABC, 2017). There are some recent cases of sexual misconduct in Australia by doctors have brought this issue into the limelight. This issue is considered as serious breach at both ethical as well as legal level. A sexual relationship between the doctor and the patient is considered as unethical and it challenges the basic factors of doctor patient relationship. 2. In Australia, almost 50 doctors are still conducting their medical practices which have been alleged for sexual misconduct. As per the report of Fairfax Media, Dr Andrew Churchyard, working as neurologist in Victoria had harassed almost 35 patients from last 13 years in Australia and still he is able to continue his practice despite a complaint to the Medical Board as long ago as 2007. Health Minister of Victoria named as Jill Hennessy is invited for the purpose of reviewing the national use of chaperones for doctors who are alleged for sexual misconduct. All the victims of Dr Churchyard's were male, and they all are suffered from some serious neurological conditions such as Huntington's disease and Tourette's Syndrome. Dr. Churchyard was charged by police for harassing their patient and he committed suicide after more patients file complaint against him (SDM, 2016). According to Hyam, there are many similarities between the child sexual abuse and sexual misconduct by doctors because in both the cases there is no balance of power, victim is not capable to make decision in his own interest and weakened self-protective instincts and vulnerability. Other similarities include factors related to secrecy which are associated with traumatic disillusionment with the idolised object, and victim is feeling guilty for that experience and thinks he is responsible for everything. There are some legal similarities also such as consent of victim and in both the cases it is not possible for victim to provide informed consent. There are number of countries such as America where sexual misconduct by doctors are considered as misconduct but with one exception that consent of victim cannot be used as defence (Kiel, n.d.). 3. Utilitarian includes all the good and bad notions of any action on the basis of consequences produced by the act. These consequences can arise at any time whether as the result of the act or during the performance of act. If there is not much difference between the positive and negative consequence then many scholars did not consider the issue as moral issue. Acts are considered ethical if positive consequences of the act are more as compared to negative consequences, and in case negative consequences are more than act is considered as unethical (Mill, 1863). In the present issue, sexual relationship between doctor and patient is considered as unethical act. In case if both doctor and patient give informed consent for sexual relationship then it might be possible that this relationship have some positive consequences. Positive consequences of sexual relationship between doctor and patient are very less as compared to negative consequences. There are very particular situations in which this relationship is considered as ethical relationship. On the other hand, sexual relationship between doctor and patient is clearly unethical, and they are always considered as unethical because there is imbalance of power between the doctor and patient and victim is not able to take decision in his own interest (Cohen, Kelian, Oliveira, Gobbetti, Massad, n.d.) It is the fundamental duty of the doctor to respect the dignity of patient and also to maintain the respect of his profession. There is fiduciary relationship between the doctor and patient and such acts reduce the dignity of medical profession. Sexual harassment not only affects the victim at physical level only but it also leave mental affect on patient. There are both long term and short term effects of sexual harassment on victim such as fear, guilty feeling, mental disorder, lack of confidence, and various other effects. In some cases victims even take their own life and take other major steps. Therefore, negative consequences are more as compared to positive consequences. 4. Kant was the opponent of Utilitarian theory developed by Mill. According to Kant, there are some actions which are prohibited such as murder, theft, and others even these actions result in more positive result as compared to their alternatives. Kant developed two questions to decide whether act is ethical or not. First question determine the purpose of act and consider whether act fulfil the goals of human beings or just done to fulfil one owns purpose. Section question states whether act perform by person rationally done by other persons also. In case answer to these questions is no then it is advisable that individual does not perform that question. According to Kant these questions were equivalent. Theory developed by Kant is an example of a deontological moral theory, and as per these theories act is ethical or not does not depend on the result of act but on the fact whether individual perform his duty or not. Kant stated that principle of morality was supreme and he referred to it as The Categorical Imperative, and the CI determines the moral duty of individual (CSUS, n.d.). Sexual harassment by doctors is an ethical issue and it also affects the duties of human being. This type of conduct from doctors while discharging their voluntary duties not only reduces the dignity of medical profession but also breach the human dignity. As stated above, it is the fundamental duty of doctors to respect the dignity of patient and their profession. On the basis of Kant theory this type of conduct is analyzed on the basis of two questions. Firstly this type of conduct does not fulfil the duty of human beings and its result and the purpose of this act is self oriented. In this doctors consider their own interest and perform the action for self satisfaction, and as per Kants theory action is not ethical if it does not fulfil the goals of human beings or just done to fulfil one owns purpose. Secondly, this type of conduct is not perform rationally by the other person because it fall under the category of breach of ethics as well as it result in legal consequences, and as per the theory if act is not performed rationally by other person then act is unethical (Caplan, 2016). 5. After analyzing this issue on the basis of above two theories that is utilitarian theory and Kant theory, it is clear that sexual relationship between doctor and patient is unethical act. It not only breaches the moral ethics but also create legal consequences for doctors as well. The issue of sexual harassment is itself a sensitive matter but its implications in medical field are more dangerous because society respects this profession and there is relationship of trust between the doctor and patient. Therefore, Sexual harassment is clearly an unethical act and in case of medical profession it is considered as more dangerous. Medical institutions must take strict action to avoid such situations and set framework for this purpose. References: ABC, (2017). Perth doctor banned over sexualised behaviour towards patient. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-17/perth-doctor-banned-over-professional-misconduct/8279546. Accessed on 10th March 2017. SMD. (2016). Dozens of doctors being watched due to sexual misconduct allegations. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/national/health/dozens-of-doctors-being-watched-due-to-sexual-misconduct-allegations-20160809-gqopbs.html. Accessed on 10th March 2017. Kiel, H. Sex, discipline and doctors the New South Wales experience. Available at: https://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/conferences/medicine/kiel.pdf. Accessed on 10th March 2017. Mill, J. (1863). Utilitarianism. Available at: https://www.utilitarianism.com/mill1.htm. Accessed on 10th March 2017. Cohen, C. Kelian, R. Oliveira, R. Gobbetti, G. Massad, E. Sexual harassment in the physician-patient interaction: analysis of charges against doctors in the state of So Paulo. Available at: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S1807-59322009001100007. Accessed on 10th March 2017. CSUS. Kantian Ethics. Available at: https://www.csus.edu/indiv/g/gaskilld/ethics/kantian%20ethics.htm. Accessed on 10th March 2017. Caplan, L. A. (2016). Too Many Doctors Who Sexually Abuse Patients Go Unpunished. Available at: https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/872103. Accessed on 10th March 2017. Soin, K. Tan, J. Sexual Harassment in the Medical World. Available at: https://www.sma.org.sg/UploadedImg/files/Publications%20-%20SMA%20News/4512/Insight.pdf. Accessed on 10th March 2017.

The Modern Age For Writing Took Place In 1915 And Ended In 1946. The T

The Modern Age for writing took place in 1915 and ended in 1946. The time period encountered two World Wars, prosperity and the Great Depression. Writers were going to war, became vetrins, others were killed in war, but some writers became famous dead or alive. The war did change the style of writing for the writers. After the war the United States became in isolation. Wilson focused on the problems the US had during the time after the war. In the 1920's the time was called The Roaring Twenties. It was called The Roaring Twenties, because production was so high people were going out and enjoying themselves. The middle class was then formed and they ere the ones going out enjoying themselves. Moves came out lots of new inventions came out, and the Module-T was introduced. This was also the time when teens started to go there own ways and having fun and being very social. The middle class was seen as wealthy but most of their pocetions were on credit, a reason why the Great Depression hit the US so hard. The Great Depression was the nest thing that happened in the late 1920's and early 1930's. The Depression started a domino affect that started by the stock market crash, then people tried to get their money out of the bank, businesses lots or most of their investments and businesses had to drop their employees because of the lack of money people lost their money due to credit and no job, ext . . . In 1932 about 12 million people or about a quarter of the people living in the US was without a job. Throughout the depression the unemployed rate kept to increasing. The elections of 1932 Roosevelt became the new president and started something called the New Deal. The New Deal started to help the US get out of the Depression slowly. In the late 1930's World War II broke out, and the US would stay isolated and resume naturally until the Japanese surprised attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941. The US entered the war with the allies and they would fight for two years before beating Nazi Germany. The war ended after the US dropped two A-bombs on Japan. Peace and the atomic age had finally arrived. The writers during the Modern Age were influenced by the social impacted of the US. As World War I broke out there was meany books and stories wrote about war or about war like atmosphere. There were meany writers that went out to war and wrote about the war. There was people still writing about the new technology and new things being introduced during to time period. During the 1920's there were meany writers just enjoying themselves and the stories were usealy pleasant. They're where meany stories wrote about the feature and all the new produce that were coming out. During the Depression the writing style went down a bit. They started to write stories about hope and the way the hole US was just completely messed up. Afer the Depression writers went back to what they were writing about during WWI. WWII did bring the US out of the Depression and there were meany stories that had that in the plot or as a setting giving new hope and a new beginning.

The Complete List of Historically Black Colleges (Updated)

The Complete List of Historically Black Colleges (Updated) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have existed since Cheyney University in Pennsylvania was founded in 1837. Many well-known scholars, entrepreneurs, and entertainers have graduated from HBCUs, including Toni Morrison, Sean Combs, Thurgood Marshall, Martin Luther King, Jr., Taraji Henson, and Oprah Winfrey. Are you considering joining their ranks? This post will explaineverythingyou should know when deciding whether to attend an HBCU. In this article, I'll do the following: Define a historically black college Provide facts about HBCUs Detail possible pros and cons of attending an HBCU Give you the complete list of historically black colleges Advise you how to research HBCUs and other colleges Feature Image Credit: Adam Fagen/Flickr What Is a Historically Black College? A historically black college and university is defined in Title III of the Higher Education Act of 1965 as a school of higher learning that was accredited and established before 1964 and whose principal mission was the education of African-Americans. Today, HBCUs enroll mostly African-American students, but a full quarter of HBCUs across the US have at least a 20% non-Black student body. HBCU Facts There are public, private, and religious HBCUs. There are 2-year and 4-year HBCUs. HBCUs have â…› the size of endowments of predominantly white institutions. More than 75% of students at HBCUs are awarded Pell Grants. HBCUs are responsible for 22% of bachelor’s degrees awarded to African-Americans. According to the Network Journal, 40% of black members of Congress, 40% of black engineers, and 80% of black judges graduated from HBCUs. Pros and Cons of Attending an HBCU Tarica Chambliss, my dear friend whom I met when we lived in the same freshman dorm at Stanford, helped me with this section of the article by writing about the pros and cons of attending an HBCU. Tarica is uniquely qualified to advise students about the merits of an HBCU education because she attended both an HBCU and a PWI (predominantly white institution) during her undergraduate years. She graduated from Stanford and spent three years there, but she spent her junior year at HBCU Howard University in Washington DC. Furthermore, she also went to law school at Howard. Here are Tarica's opinions about the benefitsand drawbacksof attending an HBCU. Benefits of an HBCU Let's start with the pros of an HBCU education. Lower Tuition The average tuition at an HBCU tends to be lower than tuition at many PWIs. At a PWI with larger resources, you may be more likely to receive a scholarship to help out with (or even fully cover) your tuition. But if you don't receive a scholarship, going to an HBCU may be a good idea because the overall tuition cost is likely to be significantly lower. This will help you exit college with lower debt. Nurturing Professors Oftentimes at HBCUs the professors may be more accessible and more invested in your future than is the case at other schools. Studies have shown that when it comes to more technical majors and programs (ie. the sciences, pre-med programs, or engineering), students have a higher chance of sticking with these majors at HBCUs than they do at other colleges. This is perhaps because daily they see examples of African-Americans who have successfully completed these rigorous programs and end up having more opportunities for mentorship. In fact, many have advised that African-American students who are interested in science or other technical programs should at least get their undergraduate degrees from HBCUs because they will be more likely to actually become doctors or engineers if they have that foundation. Not Being Called On to Be a Representative At an HBCU, you're not the minority in your classes, so you're not called upon to represent the minority perspective. Whereas at PWIs, if an issue that is thought to disproportionately affect African-Americans comes up in class, you are often called upon to serve as the â€Å"expert† or to give the "African-American perspective." This can at times become annoying (you're there to learn, not teach), so it's nice to be in class at an HBCU where these types of issues do not come up because many of the students already share your experience. Cons And now for the negative aspects of attending an HBCU. Fewer Financial Resources The difference in resources between an HBCU and other schools can at times be stark. HBCUs have smaller endowments and less monetary alumni support to draw from so their resources are often not as robust as those of PWIs. This often results in the facilities not being as modern or sophisticated as those of many PWIs. Administrative Challenges Generally, the administration at HBCUs is notoriously inefficient. I definitely ended up waiting in much longer lines at my HBCU than I did at my PWIand often ended up waiting longer for checks to be disbursed. Again, this may be due to differences in resources (which naturally lead to staffing differences), but it was extremely stressful at times. Less Camaraderie At HBCUs, there can be less unity among the African-American students because the majority of students are African-American. At a PWI, the African-American students tend to band together and have more of a sense of camaraderie and mutual support. At my PWI, almost all of the African-American students knew each other (and to this day I am still friends with many of them). Most PWIs have a Black Student Union or other groups aimed at fostering unity and sense of family among African-American students. These groups are not as prominent at HBCUs because obviously the schools are predominantly African-American. My Additions I just wanted to add a few things I learned from my research and from friends and former students who attended HBCUs. A common criticism of HBCUs is that they lack diversity. While most HBCUs are predominantly African-American, there are often students from every different socioeconomic class, geographic region, and from many different countries.Keep in mind, though, that the level of diversity is different for each HBCU. Remember that not all HBCUs are the same. Employers and graduate school representatives tend to recruit from HBCUs in an effort to increase diversity in their companies and in higher education. Finally, many African-American students feel increased confidence and pride in their African-American identities by being around so many African-American college students and by being in classes that more often incorporate the African-American experience. The Complete List of Historically Black Colleges For this list, I only included accredited 4-year colleges. Most of these schools are in the South, but there areHBCUs in 20 states, Washington DC, and the Virgin Islands. Public universities are in bold. The acceptance rates and percentage of African-American students were reported by the schools for the previous academic year. Alabama School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Alabama A M University 51% 95% Alabama State University 54% 92% Concordia College-Selma 100% Not Reported Miles College 26% Not Reported Oakwood University 57% 85% Selma University 100% Not Reported Stillman College 44% 93% Talladega College 51% 89% Tuskegee University 41% 78% Arkansas School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Arkansas Baptist College 100% Not Reported Philander Smith College 52% Not Reported University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff 30% 93% California School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science 100% 32% Delaware School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Delaware State University 44% 75% District of Columbia School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Howard University 48% 91% University of the District of Columbia 93% 37% (DonkeyHotey/Flickr) Florida School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Bethune-Cookman University 64% 89% Edward Waters College 53% Not Reported Florida AM University 45% 94% Florida Memorial University 39% Not Reported Georgia School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Albany State University 47% 89% Clark Atlanta University 85% 87% Fort Valley State University 58% 94% Morehouse College 84% 95% Paine College 44% 91% Savannah State University 78% 88% Spelman College 54% 87% Kentucky School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Kentucky State University 48% 58% Simmons College of Kentucky Not Reported Not Reported Louisiana School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Dillard University 41% Not Reported Grambling State University 44% 91% Southern University and AM College 57% 93% Southern University at New Orleans 79% Not Reported Xavier University of Louisiana 66% 70% (J. Stephen Conn/Flickr) Maryland School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Bowie State University 54% 87% Coppin State University 54% 85% Morgan State University 40% 85% University of Maryland, Eastern Shore 61% 74% Mississippi School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Alcorn State University 78% 94% Jackson State University 69% 92% Mississippi Valley State University 16% 91% Rust College 39% 96% Tougaloo College 99% 97% Missouri School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Harris-Stowe State University 100% 83% Lincoln University of Missouri 54% 49% North Carolina School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Barber-Scotia College Not Reported Not Reported Bennett College 92% Not Reported Elizabeth City State University 52% 75% Fayetteville State University 50% 66% Johnson C. Smith University 42% 80% Livingstone College 64% 88% North Carolina AT State University 58% 81% North Carolina Central University 43% 83% St. Augustine's University 74% 95% Shaw University 59% 71% Winston-Salem State University 60% 72% (J. Stephen Conn/Flickr) Ohio School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Central State University 38% 95% Wilberforce University 38% 95% Oklahoma School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Langston University 46% 89% Pennsylvania School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Cheyney University of Pennsylvania 85% 86% Lincoln University 27% 81% South Carolina School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Allen University 72% 99% Benedict College 75% 99% Claflin University 44% 92% Morris College 62% 98% South Carolina State University 85% 95% Voorhees College 50% 98% Tennessee School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans American Baptist College 51% 97% Fisk University 20% 87% Lane College 43% 100% LeMoyne-Owen College 49% 99% Tennessee State University 52% 72% Texas School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Huston-Tillotson University 46% 70% Jarvis Christian College 42% 84% Paul Quinn College 90% 85% Prairie View AM University 39% 85% Southwestern Christian College Not Reported 82% Texas College 34% 85% Texas Southern University 51% 82% Wiley College 100% Not Reported Virginia School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Hampton University 29% 94% Norfolk State University 67% 83% Virginia State University 80% 85% Virginia Union University 24% 96% Virginia University of Lynchburg 100% Not Reported West Virginia School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Bluefield State College 38% 10% West Virginia State University 41% 12% (Jerry "Woody"/Wikimedia) Virgin Islands School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans University of the Virgin Islands 97% 72% University of the Virgin Islands-Kingshill Not Reported Not Reported How Should You Use This List? If you’re considering attending an HBCU, you should research the colleges that interest you on the list to determine if they’re schools you should apply to or attend. There are many factors to consider to determine if a college is a good fit for you including location, selectivity, support services, and the majors offered. Look at the school’s website, and use guidebooks,college finders, and search websitesto help you in the college selection process. If possible, consult with teachers, counselors, parents, current students, and alumni. To get a general idea of the reputations of different HBCUs, you can check out their US News rankings. Also,Big Future and College View allow you to search for HBCUs and other qualities you’re looking for in a college. Finally, you can attend an HBCU college fair or tour to learn more about specific HBCUs. What's Next? If you're worried about college costs, read about how to pay for college and how to pay for college without loans. Before you finalize your list of schools that you're going to apply to, make sure you know about reach and safety schools. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

7 Things You Learn After You’ve Been Laid Off

7 Things You Learn After You’ve Been Laid Off Being laid off is awful, no matter how you cut it. One day you have a job and plans and a sense of security, and the next day you†¦don’t. If it happens to you like it does to so many of us, there are some truths to keep in mind, even when things seem horrible. Here are 8 things you learn after you’ve been laid off. 1. It’s not your fault.As soon as it happens, you’ll probably be racking your brains to figure out why you. Yeah, there’s no comforting answer to that question. Ever. Unless you’re told â€Å"we’re letting you go for X reason,† there’s probably a complex network of reasons why your number happened to come up. None of these would make you feel better, so try not to dwell.2. It’s okay to wallow for a bit†¦Soon enough, hunting for a new job will be your daily reality. Take some time to get the bitterness and shock out of your system.3. †¦but then you gotta move on.You’ve got things to do, people to see, resumes to revise.4. There’s always a silver lining.How happy were you at that job, really?5. Your support network is key.You know the old clichà © that you know who your friends are when the chips are down? It’s true†¦and this is a time when you can lean on friends and family for a little extra moral support while you reboot.6. This is an opportunity.No, really, it is! It may seem like a pretty crappy one at first, because you’re being shoved into a new reality with little warning, but now you have the time and space to take some risks. Always wanted to try something different? Well, now you can. It might not be your long-term solution, but how do you know until you experiment?7. You are more than your job.Getting laid off can feel like a personal rejection, and that’s an awfully hard feeling to shake. Also, because our careers take up so much of our time (and pay for life necessities), losing a job can cause general life panic. It’s important to look past the stress and remember that you are not one job. There are others out there- and more specifically, there are others out there for you.And the most important truth of all†¦8. You will move on.It might take two weeks before you find something new. It may take much longer. The important thing to remember is that you will survive, and find new opportunities.

Media and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Media and Society - Essay Example The researchers used a survey sampling method and a panel design technique in which the same samples were observed at different points in time (Lowery and DeFleur, 1983) . Locational parameter was in Erie County in Ohio because it was culturally homogenous with a population of 43,000 being stable for 40 years. The people living in Erie County were all white and the farmers and the industrial labor force were evenly distributed. Thus, this would help in classifying the respondents. It was also relevant that the tri-media were present; 3 newspapers, 2 radio stations and all major network channels were represented. Importantly, Erie County had the record of deviating a little less from national voting pattern as far as the twentieth century was concern. During the study, there were 3,000 sampling respondents, 600 persons each for 4 stratified samples referred to as "panel" and 600 persons each also for the 3 control groups. Panel and control groups were used as there were qualms that th e process would greatly affect the results which eventually turned out to be the otherwise. There were several influential factors that could affect voters of Erie County and that included political index, religion, demography, socio-economic status and cross pressures among all others. There were three main patterns of change in cross pressure voting. According to the study, 28% were crystallizers (Lowery and DeFleur, 1983). They changed vote up to the last minute. On the other hand, 15% were waverers. Waverers were those whose decision pattern was like a wave. They started out with a clear decision then during the campaign period slowly changing sides but then later vote on their original choice. Finally, the party changers were self-explanatory and composed 8% of the samples. Cross pressure votes were simply a delay of the final decision of the voter. As such, potential voters whose low interest in the campaign and the cross pressure voters became media campaign targets. The challenge with media-mediated campaign was how to effectively deliver the message that a certain candidate was way far better than the others. The problem also lies on media exposure. How well-spread was the exposure. Surprisingly, radio comprised 50% of those surveyed when asked about the most important source of political information (Lowery and DeFleur, 1983). The media however, was a big contributor in political campaigning through three major patterns of influence; activation (awareness), reinforcement (continuing justification) and conversion (switch sides through persuasion). The two-step flow of communication stated that ideas and arguments would from the media to the opinion leaders then finally to the less active portions of the population. It was emphasized in this chapter the importance of mass media in influencing the voting behavior of the people. There maybe other factors that can affect any individual's vote but media-mediated campaign can greatly affect voter's decision up to the last second of the election period. Therefore, with all these political propaganda and strategy using mass media, Franklin D. Roosevelt won the political race. Chapter 5 Audiences for Daytime Radio Serials: Uses and Gratifications In the late 1930's, America

Problem of Free Will Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Problem of Free Will - Term Paper Example Incompatibilist argue that an action is not voluntary and originated and reject any involvement of an external force in causation of such action. This means that an individual is responsible for their actions, and have the will to act without interference from an external force. As Hobbes expounds, this is senseless speech and erroneous reasoning that may lead to contention and sedition or contempt (Kow, 3). From Hobbes’ assertions, free will is an illusion and not a reality; determinism therefore best explains that which characterizes the lives and actions of individuals. Rickaby (2) argues that one of Hobbes assertions was great resistant and warning against rhetoric talks that may lead to erroneous reasoning considering free will. The quote â€Å"I can; if I will† was criticized by Hobbes as erroneous reasoning and that is not worthy to mislead individuals. The main issue is that free will is not a reality and life is determined by external forces that are responsibl e for causation of events. Nothing begins from itself but from an action of some other immediate agent without itself. When a man has the appetite to will or an appetite for something to which he immediately had no appetite for, the cause of the will is not the will itself but must be something else beyond his own control or in his disposition (Hederick, nd). Therefore, for the specific action, the will is not is not the cause of itself, but is caused by an external force outside the will, which makes the will possible in the individual. Voluntary actions or those actions that are considered as voluntary therefore have necessary causes and therefore are necessitated. This means that free will by itself as considered to be voluntary has to be necessitated by an external force that makes the individual to will; out of the will itself. The will is therefore determined. From this, it is clear that free will and compatibilism are not possible and as far as causation is required to necess itate events, determinism is the only possible; explanation that van be attached to actions in individuals. Human freedom and moral responsibility are not possible. Accepting the presence of human moral responsibility and freedom would require that humans have to be the last cause or the causation of all events and no external force is required in this process throughout their actions. Generally, one is not free to do anything or refrain from doing it but is a victim of circumstances where external causation forces make one to act in a certain way (Creel, 226). However Plato in his arguments on the nature of human being mainly explains the distinctiveness, human capacities and self conception as the main aspects that differentiate humans from animals. Many philosophers since Plato have held that the difference between animals and the human beings is having the rational part that makes humans to choose between bad and good (O’Connor, 2010). Largely according to Plato our ratio nal nature include our ability to choose what ends we may consider to be desirable or evil in that pursuing some ends would bring about a pleasant end while others may bring unpleasant ends. Therefore, humans unlike animals have the ability or the will to choose between these

Fruit Ripening Essay Example for Free

Fruit Ripening Essay Placing fruit in a bag will help hasten the ripening for only a few fruits. Most fruits will not ripen (ever) once they have been picked. The only fruits that ripen once theyre picked are bananas, avocados, pears, mango, and kiwifruit. Ripeness in fruits is based on sugar content, not color, thus most tomatoes in grocery stores have no flavor because they were picked green and exposed to ethylene gas to induce color change. Tomatoes are what are known as a climacteric fruit which means theyll change appearance based on climactic conditions but they dont ripen. Yes, they continue to soften but thats simply the process of cell deterioration know as decomposition. Some fruits such as peaches, plums, etc. will seem to develop more sweetness as they sit on the counter but thats because theyre also losing moisture and the residual sugars are concentrating in the cell walls. Placing fruit in a paper bag helps to concentrate the levels of ethylene gas which is what helps induce the ripening of the above mentioned fruits (bananas/avocados, etc.). In fact, avocados and pears must be picked in order to ripen. Pears that are left on the tree will simply rot. As mentioned previously brown paper bags used to be something everyone had around their house so it was a commmon item before the switch to plastic bags. Have you ever noticed some people like red bell peppers and not green ones? The reason is due toripeness. Plant tissues communicate by means of hormones. Hormones are chemicals that are produced in one location that have an effect on cells in a different location. Most plant hormones are transported through the plant vascular system, but some, like ethylene, are released into the gaseous phase, or air. Ethylene is produced and released by rapidly-growing plant tissues. It is released by the growing tips of roots, flowers, damaged tissue, and ripening fruit. The hormone has multiple effects on plants. One is fruit ripening. When fruit ripens, the starch in the fleshy part of the fruit is converted to sugar. The sweeter fruit is more attractive to animals, so they will eat it and disperse the seeds. Ethylene initiates the reaction in which the starch is converted into sugar. Iodine solution binds to starch, but not to sugar, forming a dark-colored complex. You can estimate how ripe a fruit is by whether or not is is darkened after painting it with an iodine solution. Unripe fruit is starch y, so it will be dark.

Oscar Romero :: essays research papers

Oscar Romero was at first a quiet, ordinary priest in the democratic country of El Salvador. But things change once newly appointed Arch-Bishop. Romero quickly finds out the way the country is run by the military. The poor people of Salvador are missing and being executed by the military. Romero tries to stop these events through the power of the Church. Raul Julia plays Oscar Romero the soft spoken priest turned Arch-Bishop. His character goes through a metamorphoses from beginning to end that eventually gets him killed. The one moment in time that really changes the way he acts is the death of Father Grande. Fr. Grande was a preacher to the poor or anyone who wanted to listen to the Word of the Lord. By the killing and torturing of people Romero gets very angry and says STOP! In one scene while in prison listening to a priest get tortured, he doesn’t understand why one human being would do this to another. We are all human and why should their life be taken away if they have done nothing. The Church in this movie are people very strong in their faith and stand up for what they believe in. For example, When the people of one city walk right into a church that has been taken over by the military. This shows their willingness to die for God. Other acts show the people of El Salvador courage and deep faith. I thought that this was a very good movie. The strong imagery and sadness that these events really occur in El Salvador and other countries like it. The words of Romero were inspiring, the way he presented himself after every bad act by the military he just turned the

Italian Renaissance: Earliest Form of the General

1. Italian Renaissance – earliest form of the general European Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy. 2. Jacob Birthmark – historian of art and culture, and an influential figure in the historiography of each field 3. Oligarchies – small group that ruled a city and its surrounding countryside 4. Conditioner – the mercenary soldier leaders (warlords) of the professional, military free companies contracted by the Italian city-states and the Papacy from the late middle ages and throughout the Renaissance. 5. Republic of Florence – TheRepublic of Florence, or the Florentine Republic, was a city-state that was centered on the city of Florence, located in modern Tuscany, Italy 6. Medici Family – political dynasty, banking family and later royal house that first began to gather prominence under Cosmic De' Medici in the Republic of Florence during the late 14th century. 7. Cosmic Domenici – Cosmic d id Giovanni De' Medici (27 September 1389 – 1 August 1464) was the first of the Medici political dynasty, De facto rulers of Florence 8. Lorenz Domenici – Italian statesman and De facto ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance 9.Duchy of Milan – constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire in northern Italy. It was created in 1395, when it included twenty-six towns and the wide rural area of the middle Pad Plain 10. Spoors family – ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. They acquired the dukedom and Duchy of Milan from the previously ruling Viscount family 11. Republic of Venice – state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797 12. Papal States – territories in the Italian peninsula under the sovereign direct rule of the Pope 13.Kingdom of the Two Sillies – largest of the Italian states before Italian unification. It was formed off union of the Spanish Bourbon Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples 14. Charles VIII – monarch of the House of Valves who ruled as King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498. He succeeded his father Louis XSL at the age of 13. 15. Giordano Savonarola – Italian Dominican friar and preacher active in Renaissance Florence, and known for his prophecies of civic glory 16. Humanism – group of philosophies and ethical perspectives which emphasize the value and agency of human beings 17.Civil Humanism – Classical republicanism is a form of republicanism developed in the Renaissance inspired by the governmental forms and writings of classical antiquity. 18. Patriarch – Retina scholar and poet in Renaissance Italy, and one of the earliest humanists 19. Vacation – Italian author and poet, student, and correspondent of Patriarch, an important Renaissance humanist and the author of a number of notable pieces of literature. 20. L eonardo Bruin – Italian humanist, historian and statesman. He has been called the first modern historian 21.Lorenz Villa – Italian humanist, rhetorician, and educator. 2. Latin Vulgate – late 4th-century Latin translation of the Bible done by Saint Jerome. 23. Amarillo Fiction – one of the most influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance 24. Pico Della Miranda – Italian Renaissance philosopher 25. Balderdash Castigation – Italian courtier, diplomat, soldier and a prominent Renaissance author 26. Virtue – concept theorized by Niccole ¶ Machiavelli, centered on the martial spirit and ability off population or leader 27.Johann Gutenberg – German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe 28. Quaternion – cultural and artistic events of 15th century Italy are collectively referred to as the Quaternion 29. Giorgio Vassar – Italian painter, architect, writer and historian, most famous today for his Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects 30. Pope Alexander VI – head of the Catholic Church from 11 August 1492 to his death in 1503 31. Perspective – certain view one may have regarding an opinion or event 32.Chiaroscuro – use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition 33. Stylized faces – medieval faces in art–more stylized and generic 34. Suffuse – fine shading that produces soft, imperceptible transitions between colors and tones. It is used most often in connection with the work of Leonardo ad Vinci and his followers 35. Contrasts – Italian term that meaner countertops. It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot 36.Ghetto – Italian painter and architect from Florence in the late Middle Ages 37. Brucellosis – most famous for his discovery of pe rspective and for engineering the dome of the Florence Cathedral, but his accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering and even ship design. 38. Lorenz Gibber – Florentine Italian artist of the Early Renaissance best known as the creator of the bronze doors of the Baptistery of Florence Cathedral, called by Michelangelo the â€Å"Gates of Paradise†. 39.Denotable – early Renaissance Italian sculptor from Florence 40. Mosaic – first great painter of the Quaternion period of the Italian Renaissance 41. Sandra Poetical – Italian painter of the Early Renaissance 42. High Renaissance – the period representing the apogee of the visual arts in the Italian Renaissance 43. Aberrant – Italian architect, who introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome 44. Leonardo Ad Vinci – Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematic ian, etc. 5. Machiavelli, The Prince – The Prince is a political treatise by the Italian diplomat, historian and political theorist 46. Cesar Boring – Italian conditioner, nobleman, politician, and cardinal. He was the son of Pope Alexander VI 47. Sack of Rome 1527 – military event carried out by the mutinous troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in Rome, then part of the Papal States 48. Charles V- ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles l, of the Spanish Empire 49. Raphael – Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance 50.Michelangelo – Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer. 51 . El Greece – painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance 52. Northern Renaissance – Renaissance that occurred in European countries north of Italy 53. Christian Humanism – emphasizes the humanity of Jesus, his social teachings and his propensity to synthesize human spirituality and material ism 54. Erasmus – Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic rises, social critic, teacher, and theologian. 55. Thomas More – English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. 6. Franà §ois Rabble's – major French Renaissance writer, doctor, Renaissance humanist, monk and Greek scholar 57. Michel De Imitation – one of the most influential writers of the French Renaissance, known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre 58. William Shakespeare – English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language 59. Miguel De Cervantes – Spanish novelist, poet, and alright. His magnum opus, Don Quixote, considered to be the first modern European novel 60.Flemish Style – flourished from the early 15th century until the 17th century. Flanders delivered the leading painters in Northern Europe 61 . Jan Van Check – Flemish painter active in Brumes and is generally considere d one of the most significant Northern European painters 62. Peter Brushed – Flemish Renaissance painter and printmaker known for his landscapes and peasant scenes 63. Albrecht Udder – German painter, engraver, printmaker, mathematician, and theorist from Murderer 64. Hans Holstein the Younger – German artist and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style 65.Fugues family – German family that was a historically prominent group of European bankers, members of the fifteenth and sixteenth-century 66. Christine De Paisa – Italian French late medieval author. She served as a court writer for several dukes 67. Artemisia Genteelism – Italian Baroque painter, today considered one of the most accomplished painters in the generation after Aggravating Questions: 1. What are the main characteristics of Italian Humanism? How do these compare tit earlier medieval Scholasticism? Why were Italian humanists so interested in Classical civilization? A.Stressed the superiority of ancient Greek and Roman literature, history, and politics and emphasized learning and personal and public duty. The Italians were interested in â€Å"humanism† which dealt with literature, the art of persuasion and were poetically, historically centered on standardized forms borrowed from ancient Greece and Rome. B. On one side is faith; the other side is reason. Humanism brought in the subjective elements of faith, trust and conscience while scholasticism emphasized reason. . Humanists admired classical literature, they were eager to discover lost works of ancient authors.Patriarch hunted for manuscripts and made important finds, including many of Cicerone's letters; but the early fifteenth century was the golden age for rediscovery of Latin authors. The recovery of Greek literature was even more striking. Italian humanists brought back from Constantinople hundreds of previously unknown Greek books. 2. What characteristics of Italian cities in the fifteenth century created an environment that fostered the development of Renaissance culture? A. The Italian cities had a geographical advantage that helped foster the Renaissance culture.Italy was located in an area that had many trade routes. This sparked a strong economy which could, for example, allow painters to afford supplies. 3. What political, social and economic factors caused the Renaissance? A. A decline of agriculture as the main source of revenue for majority. The production shifted to mass quantities, which was in the hand of emerging wealthy urban class. Ideologically was the church discredited and people were looking for answer why God had allowed plague, or why after centuries f relative stability, Europe fell into chaos and warfare.Church divided by Schism was unable to give satisfactory answer, and thinkers and educated elite were looking for their own thinking that was outside of approved church doctrine. Collapse of Byzantine and renewed interest in Greece culture, literature, and philosophy. The geopolitical shift from eastern Mediterranean towards more centrally located northern Italy in feudal Europe, ensured that the idea of Renaissance spread from there to the rest of the continent. 4. Analyze the impact of Renaissance humanism n the development of Italian art from 1400 to 1550. A.Due to the popularity of Renaissance humanism, many forms of art were greatly impacted. Before humanism, many artists would depict scenes of religion and mythology. After, there were mostly portraits of families and people, as well as very detailed sketches of people. It showed that the human body was already a piece of art. 5. Compare and contrast the Renaissance in Italy and the Netherlands. A. The Renaissance in the Netherlands put a greater emphasis on living a pious, simple life. Therefore, artists like Peter Frugal the elder painted pictures such as â€Å"Haymaking. It showed regular peasants carrying out their normal everyday tasks. B. The Ital ian Renaissance, on the other hand, focused more on the wealthy class (aristocracy). Paintings were elaborately detailed, and showed how wealthy and powerful people were. This was because a lot of trade was going on during the time of the Italian Renaissance, especially in the Mediterranean. Therefore, individuals were becoming very wealthy, and thus gaining political influence 6. Analyze the impact of women on the Renaissance and the impact of the Renaissance on women a.The â€Å"debate about women† allowed the topic to come up which in turn had a few women recognized for their bravery and morality. The Renaissance had virtually no help for women in women's rights movement. 7. In what ways did the role of the artist and the prestige attached to art change? Why was this so important? A. Artists had begun to make art under the funds and commission of patrons. Patrons ordered specific scenes that the artist was to create, while other oversaw he work being done. All these reques ts were done for a payment towards the artist. B.Renaissance portraits often showed human detail and portrayed more realistic images. 8. Explain how the Avignon exile, the Great Schism, and the conciliator movement contributed to the weakening of the Church and, especially, papal authority. How did the papacy's secular concerns contribute to this? A. Due to the loss of prestige and the Church's inability to keep their education system comprised and centralized, the councils that laypeople made had discussed their own education system and using it instead of the Churches; the pope had no longer intimidated the people because he got pushed around.

Huawei Technologies

Huawei Technologies How is Huawei’s internationalisation endeavour a good success story example for other companies wanting to pursue global growth? Introduction Huawei Technologies Co. , Ltd. provides telecommunications equipment and solutions to operators in China and internationally. The company’s products include wireless and networking equipment, applications and software, and terminals; smartphones for French users; and metro services platforms, which help operators to build broadband metro area networks. It also offers mobile network, broadband network, IP-based and optical network, and telecom value-added services. Huawei Technologies Co. , Ltd. has strategic partnerships with IBM, the Hay Group, PwC, FhG, Intel, Texas Instruments, Freescale Semiconductor, Qualcomm, Infineon, Agere Systems, Microsoft, Sun Microsystems, and HP. Huawei Technologies is a Chinese company. It was established in1988 by Ren Zhengfei, a former People’s Liberation Army officer and telecom engineer. Huawei’s headquarters site, of modern and impressive building fittings, is situated in Shenzhen, southern China (Guandong province). In 2006, Huawei Technologies was among the ranks of China’s â€Å"National Champions†, along Haier, Lenovo TCL, and the Wanxiang Group, poised to compete with global leaders in the international market place. Huawei has also been dubbed as the Cisco of China. It is thus a multinational corporation with branch offices in 100 countries which serves over one billion users worldwide. The question is then begged as to why Huawei is so competitive? What were and could be the challenges the Chinese-based company faces? What are the implications of Huawei’s strategy? In this paper I will attempt to analyse Huawei Technologies strategy to internalisation by taking in account the company’s starting point in China, and by setting the stage for the comparison of Huawei’s to that Cisco’s strategy. I will then proceed with some recommendations on what a Chinese company could have done to better prepare for competition in the US telecom industry. And conclude with some remarks on the progress made by Huawei since 2006, when the case study on which the analysis is based was compiled. Company Overview From its very beginnings, the company’s vision has been to become a lighthouse of innovation which would successfully enable it to compete first in its home market, and then proceed with international expansion. When the company was still operating only in China, Huawei’s methodology around its goals, to not be set up in joint ventures with foreign companies, to pursue global cutting-edge technologies, persist on self-development, and expand internationally, largely consisted in extensive investment in research and development (R&D) capabilities, and hiring a highly-qualified workforce from China. Huawei was created almost single-handedly under the strong vision and leadership of Zhingfei. He fostered a unique and rigorous management culture, by building a â€Å"pack-of-wolves enterprise†. He instilled a management philosophy within the company which meant to view competition and market opportunities with a keen smell, react to with an aggressive push and always confront both in unified groups. Under Zhengfei’s lead, who had been successful to create and manage a large relationship network, few other competitors could match, the company had relied on big contract orders from the military to secure a foothold in the telecom network market in its early years. Moreover, extended army and government ties had provided the company with relatively easy access to financing. Huawei was undoubtedly the largest Chinese telecom equipment manufacturer, with annual revenue of US$6. 7 billion in 2005. Market capitalisation was estimated to be up to US$10 billion. In China, Huawei’s major customers included all the big names such as China Telecom, China Mobile, China Netcom and China Unicom. Huawei’s networks in China served over 400 million people communicating across the country, occupied 25% market share in the mobile networks, and supplied 80% of all short messaging services from China mobile. Therefore, Huawei’s strategy to focus on R&D to lead technological advancement, its attention to choose high-calibre and yet inexpensive labour from China, as well as foster a consolidated sense of corporate culture none but confirmed Huawei’s stable, long-term oriented organic growth strategy. The company’s competitive advantage in its home turf had built up to be low-cost engineering, enabling Huawei to compete with large indigenous and foreign competitors. Cisco, Huawei, and the International Market of Telecom Equipment and Services Cisco, which global presence spurred with the enlarging footprint of the internet across the globe in 1991, decided to focus its growth strategy in China by the end of the 1990s. Cisco’s strategy in China consisted in recruiting and training employees to service high-end markets of telecom service providers and enterprise markets. Instead of forming joint ventures with local partners (like most of its international competitors did in China), Cisco opened its own subsidiary in China, Cisco Networking Technology Co. Ltd. to promote education, demonstration and development of network technology. Educational initiatives presented Cisco with an opportunity to develop favourable relations with Chinese authorities and to cultivate new areas of business within China. Moreover, recognising the large, low-cost and skilled labour force in China, Cisco continued its commitment in the country by investing in an R &D centre in Shanghai. Cisco’s CEO plans for the facility were to allow Cisco access to technology and local talent so as to leverage Cisco’s newness to the corporate culture of China and be able for it to buy into the local Chinese local market. Cisco’s goal was by all means to maintain its leadership position in cutting edge technology. While at the same time, Chinese competitors were using their aggressive pricing strategies to expand into the international markets, and were rapidly using their low-cost advantages to move up the value chain. And Huawei was among the Chinese companies that were expected to make further inroads into international markets in the next few years, competing head-to-head with established Western players for the same global accounts. Internationalisation: Phase 1 Having secured a strong foothold in its home market in China, Huawei started to look for diverse sources of growth internationally, in the first half of the 1990s. However, it was able to conclude its first significant international contract only in 2000, in Russia. In order to avoid outright competitive confrontations with well-established Western telecommunication multinationals, Huawei went global by first entering growing markets in developing countries. Considerable contracts extended later on beyond Eastern Europe, in South America (Brazil’s fixed line carrier) and Asia (Thailand’s largest mobile service provider). Huawei’s path toward the matured Western European markets, the company’s next challenge, would not come without tradeoffs. In the early 2000s, Huawei was a new company competing for market share with established global communications technology suppliers. Chinese products were then suffering from a common perception of being cheap and unreliable, forcing Huawei to thus pursue aggressive tactics to win contracts. With 30% lower pricing points than established competitors, a commitment to offer trial periods for its products and hiring local personnel to tailor technologies and services to customers' needs, led the company to win contracts in tough-to-please markets such as France (Neuf Telecom, 2001). The biggest success, however, and the one that signified Huawei’s breakthrough in Europe, was in 2004 when the company was selected by a Dutch mobile operator to build its 3G mobile phone network, by then Huawei’s hallmark capability. Internationalisation: Phase 2 In order to highlight the key points of Huawei’s internationalisation strategy, the case of the company’s entrance in the U. S. calls for an analytical stop. The challenges Huawei faced in the North American market revolve around several axes, but overall the endeavour highlights the general lack of preparation and some strategic blunders which made the company’s top management decide to update Huawei’s strategy and draft one that caters to long term sustainable development. When it opened its first office in Plano, Texas, the company made every effort to blend into the local culture. It shared the building with law offices, realtors and the regional office of the lingerie company Victoria’s Secret. A Texas state flag and an American receptionist welcomed visitors on the ground-floor lobby. Shortly after the US-launch, however, the defect of not having carefully planned for cultural differences eventually surfaced. Chinese employees had a difficult time adapting to the Texas accent and other aspects of the local culture. Huawei executives also realised that Americans had difficulty pronouncing the company’s name. They came up with a working name, Futurei, which although facilitated to a better pronunciation, only confused targeted customers even more, and Huawei’s infant brand came under great shock. In the US telecommunications industry, a mature market where lower prices often are not enough to land a deal, winning customers and contracts would demand for a lot more effort. Phone companies and equipment suppliers had long term ties with their equipment suppliers, customers looked for exceptionally leading-edge technology and a compelling reason to switch. Moreover, trying to switch to a virtually unrecognised brand in the US market meant that telecom service providers – Huawei’s classical customers – would request exhaustive testing of equipment quality and reliability, lasting several months, before committing to buying it; a common procedure for sourcing from an unknown company. Another hurdle Huawei encountered was a lawsuit Cisco launched, only six months after Huawei had set up its subsidiary in the US. Analysts observed that Huawei’s steep discounting of low-end routers [Cisco’s] products in its home turf, the US market, had prompted the lawsuit [of alleged infringement of Cisco’s patents and copyrights]. This was Cisco’s first intellectual property lawsuit despite its huge intellectual portfolio. Huawei ended up by agreeing to withdraw from the market place Quidway routers and other related products. Three years after its US launch, the company was able to land its first contract with a US wireless carrier in 2004, and subsequently securing other contracts with small wireless carriers. Huawei had serious intentions for the U. S. market. Yet cultural risk and Cisco’s buying power in its home turf, led to a substantial delay of results, and thus loss of revenue and opportunity for Huawei. Despite having a powerful and well recognised brand name, when Cisco started its venture into China (in 1998), it began by first building on local labour-skill capabilities and government network to leverage on its inexperience in the Chinese market and thus buy into market sales power among corporate customers. Huawei, on the other hand was literally unknown in the US market. And it was naive enough to assume that American corporate customers would be sufficed with high-quality low-cost equipments from an unknown Chinese company. Or that its organisation was rightly prepared to face global competition as aggressively and in the right way as it had done in China. Cisco’s entry strategy into China was aggressive not because it offered low-cost high quality products, but expensive and exclusive technology, reinforced further via R centres spread across the country. Enterprises in China knew about and trusted Cisco’s product quality nd reliability. The same cannot be said about Huawei’s products. In spite of success in winning deals in developing countries, Huawei could not reach US corporate customers if they would not pass that easily the wall of perception that Chinese products were cheap and merely copied versions of other recognised telecom equipment and software. Recommendation Recommendations, or lessons to be drawn from Huaweiâ₠¬â„¢s experience, would capture the overall need for Chinese companies to acclimate to new surroundings first – just as the foreign companies that entered China did . Acclimatisation, for Huawei could have proceeded by: 1. Improving assessment of risk – economic, political, regulatory, cultural, organisational to avoid cultural and regulatory (the lawsuit) blunders. Huawei could have also better prepared to build a network before out rightly starting to target enterprise and corporate customers. 2. Preparing better for the entry strategy in the US– be it Greenfield, acquisition, merger or alliance. Cisco, to show its commitment for China, announced a US$100 million investment, stirring curiosity and interest among corporate customers and Chinese authorities. Huawei went into the US â€Å"quietly† opening a branch office! 3. Developing global talent – R investment and international top managers with a global experience and extended local market knowledge, in order to enhance buying power into the local market. 4. Creating a global brand – to be accepted in the market place by using local industrial public relations companies can facilitate brand recognition in the initial stages. 5. Assessing and redesigning organisation and management style to one that caters four dimensions: †¢co-orientation, the temporal dimension – being able to balance between short-term results for survival and long-term performance for sustainable profit growth; †¢co-competence, the relationship dimension – persist on the dual possession of both transactional and relational competence; †¢co-opetition – the capability to win market share through simultaneous competition and cooperation for reasons that range from brand name strengthening and market share growth; o be agile and flexible to re-adjust to shocks efficiently, and flexible enough to re-balance short-term results with long-term performance, and †¢co-evolution – the pursuit of organisational adaptation to and proactive influence on the external environment facing a firm [Huawei] Concluding Analysis and Discussion The future of business is in its course to re-establishing itself in a [somewhat] changed order. The recent financial crisis has certainly tested the best and the worst of yesteryear strategies and management styles. Thanks also to a revived wave of globalisation companies are in the quest for profit, at a time when there are possibilities – probabilities – and uncertainty. The US market continues indeed to be a litmus test of endurance for non-American companies . Luckily, Huawei had sufficient financial cushion and top management agility to learn quickly and be able to modify its corporate business model strategy to fit the demands of its targeted customers – corporate clients. â€Å"Huawei Technologies Co. , Ltd. announced it will unveil a new mobile broadband solution †¦ at Mobile World Congress 2010. This solution will accommodate the tremendous increase in mobile broadband traffic, reduce the per-bit cost by over 95%, and make mobile broadband services more profitable for operators worldwide. Today, mobile broadband services are growing exponentially, but operators have not yet been able to convert this into significant revenue streams. Huawei estimates that global data traffic on mobile broadband networks will grow 1,000 times over the next decade, from the current 85 million Giga-bytes per month in 2009. As the number of mobile broadband users continues to climb, subscribers will increasingly look for low tariffs with unlimited, high-speed access and abundant mobile broadband service, while operators will need network capabilities that allow them to accommodate the expansion pressures of mobile broadband network and profitable operation mode. Huawei would seem to be â€Å"swimming† in a blue ocean now because it has been able to grow in scale and revenue while keeping a low cost structure. The R investment and ability to simultaneously fill a gap in telecom infrastructure by putting forward a unique value proposition to telecom end user customers and telecom serv ices suppliers. Mobile broadband users, growing exponentionally in numbers, are now being offered the possibility of low tariffs for unlimited, high-speed access and abundant broadband services. In turn, operators will need network capabilities that allow them to accommodate these expansion pressures on the mobile broadband network and retain profit margins. The case of Huawei Technologies certainly reflects a good example of success story in dealing with all the above issues. Chinese-based companies planning to become global may well benchmark Huawei’s management structure and organisation in turning around the focus from high-tech products to customer-centric high-tech products and services, under an internationally accepted brand label. Huawei’s top management certainly took a step back after the initial limping performance in the U. S. It now â€Å"believes that cooperating with customers, suppliers and leading players in the industry to face challenges together through a win-win strategy is essential in today's business world† . Huawei has formed numerous partnerships [†¦ ] with leading multinationals such as ADI, Agere, Altera, HP, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Oracle, SUN, TI and Xilinx to improve the time to market of [†¦ ] products, and to incorporate the latest technologies and best management practices into [the] company. [Such] will enhance [its] position [and brand image] in key international markets, [†¦ ] and improve [its] response speed and service advantages in [the] supply chain† . As of 2010, Huawei has 87,502 employees, of whom 43% are dedicated to R&D. Huawei’s most recently reported sales counted at US$18. 33 billion, a 75% increase from the 2006 sales, and with US$1. 15 in net profit. In 2009, it was named the world's top patent seeker, it was the first Chinese company to head the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) list, its contract orders rose 46% to US$23. 3 billion (75% of which came from overseas), overtook Alcatel-Lucent to become world's No. 3 mobile network gear maker, and during the third quarter of 2009, Huawei passed Nokia Siemens Networks for the No. 2 position in the global mobile infrastructure equipment (according to research firm Dell'Oro)—a sign of the changing fortunes of the two vendors . Huawei’s change in the strategy style is noticeable right at its formulation of the new vision – it is now â€Å"to enrich life through communication†. The company continues to maintain a leading competitive position in the international industry of telecom technology and services, and only these days was elected 5th most innovative company in the World â€Å"behind only Facebook, Amazon, Apple, and Google† ! ________________________________________ Bibliography: Business Week, retrieved 2 March 2010 from (http://investing. businessweek. com/research/stocks/private/snapshot. asp? privcapId=1259829) Zeng, M. and Williamson, P. (2003)  « The Hidden Dragons  », Haward Business Review, October. Quoted in The Asia Case Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Ref 06/300C Huawei Technologies Corporate Website – http://www. huawei. com/corporate_information/global_operations. do Huawei Technologies Annual Report 2009 Farhoomand, A. , The Asia Case Centre, The University of Hong Kong, â€Å"Huawei: Cisco’s Chinese challenger â€Å", 2006 Chen, J. Giant Rises in the East  », National Post, June 10th 2005, Quoted in T he Asia Case Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Ref 06/300C The McKinsey Quarterly, Strategy,  « How Chinese companies can succeed abroad†, May 2008. Lou, Y. and Rui, H. â€Å"An ambidexterity Perspective Toward Multinational Enterprises from Emerging Economies†, Academy of Management, November 2009. http://investing. businessweek. com/research/stocks/private/snapshot. asp? privcapId=1259829, Retrieved 2 March 2010. http://www. huawei. com/corporate_information/partnerships. do, Retrieved 2 March 2010. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Huawei http://eon. businesswire. com/portal/site/eon/permalink/? ndmViewId=news_view

buy custom Components in Development of Literacy Skills essay

buy custom Components in Development of Literacy Skills essay First, phonological awareness is a necessity in literacy development where the spoken language is taken apart in different ways such as breaking sentences into words and words into syllables. Consequently, the syllables are then separated into smaller but individual sounds known as phonemes. This forms the foundation of literacy development where one can distinguish different sounds. In learning to read essay, Sophia, who treated Fredrick as one of her children, began training him on phonological awareness where she would teach him the alphabet as well as three to four-letter words (Peterson and Brereton 230). The knowledge Fredrick gained made him learn more because he was in a position to read. Moreover, word identification is also a component of literacy skills development. Word identification refers to the skills a reader uses with an aim of identifying words when spelling or reading. Both learning to read and one writers beginning, depict situations where Fredrick and Welty respectively learnt to read and write from through assistance of their guardian in word identification. Most important, word identification comprises of configuration use as well as sight word recognition. Oral language development forms the fundamental element of literacy. Oral language development is achieved through informal or even guided conversation. In the Weltys narrative, one writers beginning, it is evident that Welty literacy development was instigated by informal oral awareness (Peterson and Brereton 628). Often, Welty would hear her mother read stories and through this, she learnt how to read. Similarly, according to a room of ones own, Woolf literacy skills development was enhanced by oral language. She learnt how to ask questions that made him to gain more knowledge. There are different components of literacy skills development. These include Phonological awareness word identification and language development. Phonological awareness is a necessity in literacy development where the spoken language is taken apart indifferent ways such as breaking sentences into words and words into syllables. Moreover, word identification refers to the skills a reader uses with an aim of identifying words when spelling or reading. On the other hand, language development is achieved through informal or even guided conversation. Buy custom Components in Development of Literacy Skills essay

Metathesis

Metathesis Metathesis Metathesis By Maeve Maddox One of the changes that takes place in the pronunciation of words is the linguistic phenomenon called metathesis: metathesis: The transposition of sounds or letters in a word, or (occasionally) of whole words or syllables; the result of such a transposition. The most commonly cited example of metathesis in an English word is the pronunciation of [aks] for [ask]. The Old English verb acsian is usually mentioned to show that [ask] was a later development. In fact, like modern English, Old English had more than one dialect. Two versions of the verb for â€Å"to ask†acsian and ascianwere in use at the same time in different dialects. Northern ascian happened to be the one that prevailed in the dialect we call â€Å"modern standard English.† Numerous English words acquired their present forms by way of metathesis. We still say three and thrice, but the OE ordinal form thrid morphed into third. Our word foliage was altered by metathesis from an early form that put the â€Å"i† before the â€Å"l†: foillage. The word changed back and forth more than once, coming as it did from the Latin word for â€Å"leaf,† folium. From the same source, Old French foille, â€Å"leaf,† became modern French feuille. The standard pronunciation of foliage is [FOH-lee-ij], although many speakers alter it by dropping one of the syllables, pronouncing it [FOH-lij]. (The word for omitting a syllable is syncope [SIN-cuh-pee].) Burn is another word in the modern vocabulary that has had a see-saw relationship with metathesis. Old English had the verbs brinnan, â€Å"to burn,† baernan, â€Å"to expose to the action of heat,† and beornan, â€Å"to be on fire.† The verbs eventually merged. The forms brune, brenne, and brent occur in Middle English. The Wycliffe Bible (1382) has â€Å"Fyr brennende all dai.† (Fire burned all day.) Isa. lxv. 5.  Ã‚   The King James Bible (1611) has â€Å"Let not thine anger burne against thy seruant.† (Let not your anger burn against your servant.) Gen. xliv. 18.  Ã‚  By the 16th century, the prevailing forms were burn and burnt. Only time will tell if common mispronunciations resulting from metathesis will find their way into standard English. Here are five words frequently mispronounced by changing the order of their sounds: asterisk (*): mispronounced as â€Å"as-ter-iks† cavalry (mounted soldiers): mispronounced as â€Å"calvary† (site of the crucifixion) introduce: mispronounced as â€Å"in-ter-duce† relevant: mispronounced as â€Å"rev-e-lent† prescription: mispronounced as â€Å"per-scrip-tion† I’m sure that my readers can think of many more examples of contemporary pronunciation errors that result from metathesis. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?Probable vs. Possible150 Foreign Expressions to Inspire You

THE CAPTIVITY AND RESTORATION OF MRS. MARY ROWLANDSON Essay

THE CAPTIVITY AND RESTORATION OF MRS. MARY ROWLANDSON - Essay Example s though, the presence of the English were clearly threatening their control of the territory in which they have already established agricultural interests. However, Mrs. Rowlandson, who was captured by the Native Americans, was able to observe the cultural values of her captors. During her captivity, she was able to realize that the Native Americans did have their own degree of civilization although this may not fall within the standards of the Europeans. Just like the rest of the colonists though, Mrs. Rowlandson actually had the impression that the Native Americans were plainly uncivilized brutes. In the narrative, that attack made by Native Americans on the English population only reinforced her very negative impression. She wrote that â€Å"on the tenth of February 1675, came the Indians with great numbers upon Lancaster.†1 She then proceeded to describe the brutality that the Native Americans attacked every household in the community. It was during the attack also that her home was burned down by the raiders and she and the members of her family were abducted. Her children were separated from her. The only one that was with her as she was carried away by a group of Native Americans was her youngest child, who was still a baby. It was not only her prejudice of the Native Americans that made her conclude at this point that they were indeed heathens. What she saw was more than enough to strengthen such notion. However, her r eligiousness might have been a factor also. Apparently, she had not exactly seen hell but when she saw how the Native Americans celebrate, she described the place as a â€Å"lively resemblance of hell.†2 During the course of her captivity though, she began to notice that the Native Americans are not at all the savages that she thought they are. This perspective was developed during that time when she was already made to work for those whom she considered ‘masters.’ It was also at that time when she noticed that the Native